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The development of football rules since 1863
The rules of Association Football have changed dramatically since it’s codification in the 1860s. If you watched a game from back then, you’d barely recognise it as the sport we see today. The game went from effectively ‘gentlemen’s rules’ to a rigorously officiated sport. The changes in the laws have tended toward making the game gradually less violent; in the early version of the sport, tackles and barges were often ‘full bodied’ and goalkeepers in particular could often be the focus of some heavy challenges.
Football Rules
•1863 – The Football Association becomes established and the rules of the game of Football were formally codified, largely an amalgamation of the Rugby Rules (1845), the Cambridge Rules (1848) and the Sheffield Rules (1857). Two of the rules adopted by the FA were controversial, one relating to the outlawing of a player running with the ball in their hands, and the other preventing players from being ‘hacked’ (or kicked below the shins). Following the passing of these rules, the representative from Blackheath Club (who were supporters of the 1845 Rugby rules) left the FA in protest – this ultimately led to the formation of the Rugby Football Union in 1871.
•1866 – Law amended to allow forward passes – prior to this point, a player would be offside if he received a forward pass from anything other than a kick from the goal line
•1869 – Goal kicks introduced
•1870 – Goalkeepers introduced
•1870 – Teams begin to change ends at half-time if no goals scored in the first half. Prior to this, the teams swapped ends after every goal. This law changes again several times through the early 1870s
•1871 – The FA Cup is launched, the oldest Football competition in the World. Prior to this point, clubs would only play each other through specifically organised tests or challenge games.
•1872 – Corner kicks are introduced, and Goalkeepers become the only players who are allowed to handle the ball, prior to this point, ANY outfield player could pick the ball up, although (like Basketball) they couldn’t run with the ball in their hands (a rule which led to the establishment of the sport of Rugby)
•1872 – The first international game is played between England v Scotland, though the two countries (and even the players within the countries) had slightly different interpretations of the laws of the game, which led to confusion.
•1875 – The crossbar was introduced, and the kick-off was changed so that teams changed ends at half-time, no longer change ends in the second half after a goal is scored, and the opposite team kick off in the second half than the first half
•1878 – Whistles given to referees, who at this point, still stood on the touchline
•1886 – The International Football Association Board (IFAB) standardised the rules between all Home nations (England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland – which was changed to Northern Ireland in 1921).
•1889 – The Football League began in England – the first instance of regular season competitive fixtures anywhere in the World
•1891 – Referees were allowed on to the field of play
•1891 – Internal pitch markings – i.e. The Centre Circle, Centre Spot and the 12 yard penalty line are introduced. Nets were introduced for goals to avoid arguments about whether the ball went through the posts.
•1891 – Penalty kicks were first awarded for serious infringements, though the penalty could be taken from anywhere, as long as it was at least 12 yards from the goal
•1894 – The laws around ‘barging’ changed so that a goalkeeper could only be barged if he was holding the ball or obstructing play
•1896 – The number of outfiield players on each team was fixed at 11 and the length of the game was standardised at 90 minutes
•1899 – Standard field dimensions were formalised
•1902 – The rules of Penalties completely overhauled. The Penalty box and six-yard box was introduced, and the rule was amended so that a Penalty itself must taken from the ‘Penalty spot’
•1904 – FIFA is formed in Paris; they decide to adopt the IFAB rule book as the basis of the World game, even though the Home nations did not begin to join the organisation until a year later
•1912 – Goalkeepers could no longer handle the ball outside the box
•1921 – Goalkeepers instructed to wear different tops to outfield players so as to make them easily identifiable
•1925- The Offside Rule changed so that two members of opposing team (can include goalkeeper) must be in front of player receiving the pass
•1929 – Goalkeepers made to stand on the goal line when facing a Penalty
•1930 – The first FIFA World Cup is held in Uruguay
•1938 – The penalty arc, known colloquially as ‘the D’ is introduced and the ‘shoulder barge’, up to this point a very common element of the game, is outlawed if the barge is deemed careless or reckless
•1958 – The IFAB agrees to allow FIFA to have 50% of the votes for any proposed changes to the game. The Home nations have the remaining votes. Changes of the law require 75% of votes, meaning FIFA cannot force a change to the game without support from most of the Home Nations).
•1959 – Rule change to outlaw barging the goalkeeper if he has the ball in his hands. The followed Nat Lofthouse’s goal in the 1958 FA Cup Final when he barged the goalkeeper across the line and the goal stood
•1965 – Substitutes introduced (one per game)
•1970 – Yellow and Red cards introduced. Before this, players could be be cautioned and dismissed, but the crowd weren’t necessarily aware of what was happening
•1974 – Penalty shootouts introduced for tournament deciders
•1992 – The back-pass rule was introduced
•1995 – Three substitutes per game introduced
•1998 – Tackle from behind which endangers the safety of an opponent is automatically a red card
•2016 – The kick-off law is changed so that the first kick does not necessarily have to be forward
•2018 – VAR first introduced in a World Cup
Source: John Ferguson
It is no longer new that users can now make predictions, comment, and do some stuffs with our latest app version (Mega) which is set to redefine how football lovers enjoy the game.
Our new Predictions feature allows you to make predictions on fixtures for free and believe me it is bo just for fun, any accurate predictions could earn you valuable airtime or data rewards.
In this article, I will highlight step-by-step processes on how you can ‘make free predictions on SportVectru mobile app’.
How to make predictions on SportVectru
Steps 1
Download the SportVectru app from your Google Playstore
Step 2
Open the app, create your account, and log in. Note: This feature is not available for guest users.
Step 3
Go under ‘fixtures’
Step 4
Pick your favorite game
Step 5
By now, you should be in the game match center. Click on ‘prediction’
Step 6
Now predict the possible outcome of the game. Users can pick from the available options where are Home team to win (1), the Away team to win (2), Draw (D), or Correct Scores (Submit what the final scoreline would be).
Step 7
Click on the ‘Place Prediction’ button to confirm your prediction
Step 8
To see all your predictions, click on the menu icon then tap on ‘Earnings’
Done. Terms and conditions apply
At SportVectru, we’re thrilled to announce the launch of our latest mega app version, and it’s set to redefine how football lovers enjoy the game!
With a host of incredible features and improvements, this update promises to take your football experience to the next level.
Below are what we have for you in the Mega Version:
- Predictions: Get ready to showcase your football expertise! Our new Predictions feature allows you to make predictions on fixtures absolutely free. What’s more, accurate predictions could earn you valuable airtime or data rewards. It’s a win-win for football fans!
- Comment – Dive into the heart of the game with our Comment feature. Engage in live matches and news discussions by leaving comments. Receive real-time notifications to stay in the loop and share your thoughts with fellow football enthusiasts. Your voice matters, and we’ve made it easier than ever to be heard!
- UI Bug Fixes: We’ve listened to your feedback and tackled those pesky bugs. Say goodbye to the unwanted app bar that occasionally popped up on Android 12+ devices. Enjoy a cleaner and more immersive interface while you stay updated with your favorite matches.
- Bug Fixes: We’ve addressed a series of bugs, ensuring a smoother and more reliable experience:
i. No more crashing when clicking on live fixtures. Enjoy uninterrupted access to live match updates.
ii. Say farewell to crashes on the statistics screen. Dive into the numbers without any hiccups.
iii. Experience improved speed across the app, making your football journey faster and more enjoyable.
The SportVectru Mega App Version is a game-changer, designed with your passion for football in mind. We’re committed to enhancing your experience, from live scores to predictions, comments, and beyond.
Download or update SportVectru now and witness the future of football enjoyment right at your fingertips. Join us as we kick off this exciting new chapter together! ⚽🚀📱 – Terms and conditions apply
Michelle Chinwendu Alozie is a proficient footballer with American and Nigerian roots. She operates as a forward for the Houston Dash, a team in the National Women’s Soccer League (NWSL).
Alozie represents the Nigeria women’s national team in international competitions. Her versatile skills and contributions make her a valuable asset in both domestic and international football arenas.
Michelle Alozie’s Early Life
Alozie was born and brought up in Apple Valley, California. Her parents hail from Imo State, Nigeria. She pursued her education at Granite Hills High School, located in her hometown.
Michelle Alozie’s Age
Michelle Alozie is currently 26 years old. She was born on April 28, 1997, in Apple Valley, California, United States.
Michelle Alozie’s Height
Michelle Alozie is 1.68 meters (5 feet 6 inches) tall.
Michelle Alozie’s Parents and State of Origin
Michelle Alozie’s parents, Godwin and Chioma Alozie, come from Imo State in southeastern Nigeria. Their cultural heritage and values have influenced her upbringing and her approach to soccer. While information about her siblings is not mentioned, her family has played an important role in shaping her as both a player and an individual, instilling discipline, values, and a strong cultural connection.
Michelle Alozie’s Education
Michelle Alozie’s educational journey is indeed remarkable, paralleling her success in football. She started her educational path at Granite Hills High School in Apple Valley, where she managed her demanding academics alongside her soccer dedication.
Her pursuit of higher education took her to Yale University, where she not only excelled academically but also made a significant impact on the college soccer scene. Although an unfortunate anterior cruciate ligament injury temporarily interrupted her soccer aspirations, her determination led her to transfer to the University of Tennessee, allowing her to continue her love for the sport.
Alozie’s academic achievements culminated in earning a Bachelor’s Degree in Molecular Biology from Yale University. In addition to her football career, she holds a part-time role as a cancer research technician at Texas Children’s Hospital in Houston, Texas. This dual commitment to both education and career showcases her dedication and versatility.
Michelle Alozie’s Club Career
Despite not being selected in the 2019 National Women’s Soccer League (NWSL) College Draft, Michelle Alozie’s determination remained unwavering.
In January 2020, Alozie embarked on a new chapter by signing a contract with BIIK Kazygurt, the reigning champions of the Kazakhstani women’s football championship. This move showcased her global ambition and willingness to explore different leagues.
Alozie’s journey brought her to the Houston Dash in 2021, where her childhood friend Ally Prisock was already a part of the team. Initially joining as a preseason trialist without a contract, her skills and determination caught the attention of the coaching staff. The assistant coach, Twila Kilgore, who had recruited Alozie during her time as head coach of the Pepperdine Waves, recognized her potential. Alozie’s commitment earned her a national team replacement contract during the 2021 Houston Dash season. This was later followed by a full contract for the remainder of the season in August 2021.
As the 2022 season unfolded, Alozie achieved a significant milestone by making her first postseason start during the Dash’s appearance in the NWSL Playoffs.
In December 2022, Alozie further solidified her connection with the Houston Dash by signing a two-year contract extension. This decision highlighted her dedication to the team and her aspirations for the future.
Michelle Alozie’s International Career
Her senior debut for Nigeria took place on 10 June 2021 when she was brought on as a 65th-minute substitution during a friendly match against Jamaica.
In a remarkable turn of events, Alozie’s proactive approach played a role in her national team call-up. She had asked James Clarkson, the then-manager of the Dash, to invite Waldrum to observe the team’s practice. As a result, Waldrum selected Alozie, along with Esther Okoronkwo, to be a part of the roster for Nigeria’s match against Jamaica.
Another significant moment in Alozie’s international career came on 16 June 2023 when she was named as part of the 23-player Nigerian squad for the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup. Alozie’s debut in the FIFA Women’s World Cup occurred on 21 July 2023, during a match against Canada.
Michelle Alozie’s World Cup highlights
During the 2023 Women’s World Cup, Michelle Alozie proved herself to be an essential asset to the Nigerian team, displaying her talents on the global stage against formidable opponents.
Her standout moment came when she was involved in a notable incident with English player Lauren James, which garnered significant attention. The incident resulted in James receiving a red card for her challenge against Alozie. Despite the intensity of the situation and the competitive atmosphere, Alozie’s response demonstrated her maturity and sportsmanship. She chose not to hold any ill feelings towards James, showcasing her magnanimity and respect for fair play.
The Nigerian team, known as the Super Falcons, fought valiantly throughout the tournament. Unfortunately, their journey in the 2023 Women’s World Cup came to an end following a penalty shootout against England. Despite the disappointment of the elimination, Alozie’s contributions and sportsmanship left a positive impression on fans and observers alike.
Michelle Alozie’s Salary and Net Worth
Michelle Alozie’s unwavering dedication to both her soccer career and her role as a cancer research technician has led to recognition and a degree of financial success. While the exact details of her salary are not publicly disclosed, her net worth, which is estimated to be approximately $1 million, serves as a testament to her exceptional talent and the significant impact she has made in the world of soccer and beyond.
Michelle Alozie’s Husband and Personal Life
Despite her well-known accomplishments in the world of soccer, Michelle Alozie chooses to keep her personal life private. As of August 11, 2023, she is not publicly known to be in a relationship and appears to be dedicated to her career pursuits. While soccer continues to be her main focus, she clearly values her privacy and takes time for herself away from the public eye. This choice underscores her commitment to maintaining a balance between her professional achievements and personal space.
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